IMAGINE!
100 Years of International Surrealism
Exposition internationale
Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique (MRBAB)
Regentschapsstraat 3 rue de la Régence
1000 Bruxelles
21.2. > 21.7.2024
Visited on 19 April 2024
COMMISSARIAT :
- Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique : Francisca Vandepitte, Conservatrice de l'art moderne
- Centre Pompidou, Musée national d'Art Moderne : Didier Ottinger, Directeur adjoint chargé de la programmation culturelle du Musée national d'Art moderne - Centre de création industrielle (MNAM/CCI) & Marie Sarré, Attachée de Conservation au Service des collections modernes
- En collaboration avec le Centre Pompidou (Paris), la Hamburger Kunsthalle, la Fundación Mapfré Madrid et le Philadelphia Museum of Art.
OFFICIAL INTRODUCTION
" Les Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique inaugurent IMAGINE!, une exceptionnelle exposition itinérante internationale conçue en collaboration avec le Centre Pompidou (Paris).
Une immersion dans la poésie surréaliste, à travers les thématiques du rêve, du labyrinthe, de la métamorphose, de l’inconnu et du subconscient, emmenée par les grands noms du surréalisme, de Max Ernst à Giorgio de Chirico, en passant par Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró, Jane Graverol, Dorothea Tanning, Man Ray, Leonor Fini, etc.
Prêt pour ce grand voyage poétique ?
Chaque musée partenaire accueille le noyau dur de l’exposition itinérante et le décline en mettant l'accent sur son propre patrimoine. À Bruxelles, la volonté des MRBAB est d’offrir une lecture élargie du surréalisme à travers une perspective symboliste, à travers plus de 130 œuvres d'art (peintures, œuvres sur papier mais aussi sculptures, objets, assemblages et photographies).
IMAGINE! se concentre sur les liens, les similitudes, mais aussi les lignes de fractures, entre le surréalisme et un de ses précurseurs, le symbolisme. En effet, à partir de 1880, Bruxelles est un exceptionnel carrefour des arts et avant-gardes, qui se manifeste notamment par le biais des expositions du Groupe Les XX et La Libre Esthétique. Le symbolisme, incarné notamment par Rops, Spilliaert, Khnopff, Delville ou Minne, s’y développe et anticipe largement l'émergence du mouvement surréaliste.
Quelques décennies plus tard, Bruxelles devient le foyer du surréalisme belge. Malgré la rupture culturelle provoquée par la Première Guerre mondiale, les anciens symbolistes et la jeunesse émergente ne sont pas fondamentalement étrangers l'un à l'autre.
De janvier à juillet 2024, la Belgique assurera la présidence du Conseil de l'Union européenne. En raison du centenaire de la publication du “Manifeste du Surréalisme” (1924), de l'importance de ce mouvement pour la Belgique, de sa diffusion et de sa signification dans un contexte européen, 2024 est une année propice pour mettre le surréalisme à l'honneur. Avec l'exposition IMAGINE!, les MRBAB célèbrent le centenaire de la naissance du surréalisme en s’insérant dans un contexte européen optimal.
Après Bruxelles et Paris, l'exposition continuera son parcours européen et international par la Hamburger Kunsthalle, puis à la Fundación Mapfré Madrid et s'achèvera au Philadelphia Museum of Art. "
AA: I celebrate the centenary of surrealism by visiting two magnificent exhibitions in Brussels: international today (at Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique = MRBAB) and Belgian tomorrow (at Bozar). The scope of the MRBAB is international, but even here there is a Belgian accent: the continuity of 1880s Belgian symbolism into post-WWI surrealism.
MRBAB highlights nine themes:
The Labyrinth
The Night
The Forest
Mental Landscapes
Metamorphoses & Myths
Chimeras
Dream & Nightmare
The Tears of Eros
The Cosmos
Stimulating and inspiring, mixing the familiar with the unfamiliar.
My favourites include:
Jean Delville: The Dead Orpheus (1893) oil on canvas
Giorgio de Chirico: Melancholy of a Beautiful Day (1913) oil on canvas
Max Ernst: Capricorn (1948/1964) bronze
Guillaume Vogels: Impasse des Quatre-Livres, Evening (ca 1883) oil on canvas
René Magritte: The Dominion of Light (1954) oil on canvas - I like his whole cycle in this series
Paul Klee: Uhrpflanzen (1924) oil drawing with transfer colouring
Hans Arp: "Mirr" (1936) gilded bronze
Pablo Picasso: Blue Acrobat (1929) charcoal and oil on canvas
André Kertesz: Distorsion no. 40, Paris (1933/1977) gelatin-silver print
Paul Delvaux: Pygmalion (1939) oil on wood
Man Ray: Portrait of a Poet (Juliet) (1973) photo printed in 23 copies
Fernand Khnopff: Portrait of Marguerite Khnopff (1887) oil on canvas, mounted on wood
Dorothea Tanning: The Guest Bedroom (1950-1952) oil on canvas
Joan Miró: Woman and Birds at Sunrise (1946) oil on canvas
Valentine Dobrée: Black Gloves (ca 1930) mixed media, collage
Max Klinger: The Glove (Paraphrase About the Discovery of a Glove (1881) ten plates
Dora Maar: Untitled [Manos saliendo de una concha / Hand-seashell] (1934) modern print
Wilfredo Lam: Soulless Children (1964) oil on canvas
Léon Dardenne: The Angel That Lost Gomorrah - The Spirit of the Ruins - The Song of Hours (1886) triptych, charcoal on paper
Barnett Newman: Genetic Moment (1947) oil on canvas
Jackson Pollock: The Moon-Woman Cuts the Circle (1943) oil on canvas
Rufino Tamayo: Man Facing the Infinite (1950) oil on canvas
Jean Arp: Star (1941) plaster sculpture
Alexander Calder: Mobile [ca 1953-1954] three-dimensional object with moving parts, painted metal sheet, metal rods, steel wire
Surrealism as an "ism" started a hundred years ago, one of the seismic movements that changed the course of art after the First World War. Its central features had always existed in poetry, tales of mystery and imagination and authors such as Dostoevsky. The distinction of the surrealist movement was that it was conscious about the unconscious, in practices including automatic writing. It was inspired by psychoanalysis, but Sigmund Freud rejected the movement, because it was too obvious for him.
The first surrealist film was Germaine Dulac's La Coquille et le clergyman (1928) and a corpus of surrealist avantgarde started to grow in the cinema, including Maya Deren's Meshes of the Afternoon (1943). The most famous film was Un chien andalou (1929) by Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí.
My favourite text about surrealism is Henry Miller's "The Golden Age", a celebration of his favourite movie, Luis Buñuel's L'Âge d'Or (1930). It is about repression and liberation in the same spirit as Freud's essay Das Unbehagen in der Kultur. Miller and the surrealists shared an inspiration in the cinema, starting in 1890s early cinema shows mixing a Chinaman walking over Brooklyn Bridge in the rain with nightmarish pursuits in which houses collapsed and people disappeared through trapdoors. Surrealists loved pre-war Louis Feuillade serials such as Fantomas, shot in newsreel style on the streets of Paris. Henry Miller celebrates also a Laurel & Hardy masterpiece, The Battle of the Century (US 1927). Clashes and montages of the absurd and the unexpected were a key surrealist experience. An avid moviegoer was also Franz Kafka, another surrealist.
A great surrealist film-maker was Georges Franju both in documentaries (Le Sang des bêtes, Hôtel des Invalides) and the cinéfantastique (Les Yeux sans visage, Judex). I met Franju in April 1978 and with him conducted my first interview with a film-maker. His catchword was the "insolite", roughly the same as "uncanny" - "das Unheimliche" to speak with Freud.
When Hitler occupied France, surrealists moved to America. Salvador Dalí came into collaboration with Walt Disney (in the Destino project), but there had always been a surrealist affinity in Disney - likewise with the Fleischer Brothers, Tex Avery and Chuck Jones. The affinity lives on in the work of Hayao Miyazaki, includíng in The Boy and the Heron. In Finland, Tove Jansson was a surrealist in the 1930s (for instance in Mysterious Landscape), but the surrealist inspiration continued in her Moomin novels and cartoons.
Dalí was also in collaboration with Alfred Hitchcock in Spellbound, and it is illuminating to register that the most surrealist, compellingly oneiric scenes - whether in dream or awake - are the most sober ones. Vertigo is Hitchcock's most surrealist film, but the semi-factual The Wrong Man is surrealist, as well, in its Kafkaesque approach.
Susanne Langer explored film art as a dream mode. I would expand her insight to cover also non-fiction, including newsreels. Films appear in a time continuum. They are timebound but also timeless and endlessly repeatable. André Bazin observed in his essay on bullfights that we only die once, except in the cinema, where death is repeated every afternoon. The sense of the absurd is inherent in cinematic montage which cuts temporal continuity into pieces. Buster Keaton caught this in Sherlock, Jr.
Surrealism is in the lifeblood of the cinema.
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